Friar Laurence’s Role in The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet...

William Shakespeare’s play, The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet, tells of two lovers who sacrifice their life for each other throughout their family’s feud. Throughout the play, Shakespeare utilizes the Nurse and Friar Laurence to offer guidance to Romeo and Juliet. The Friar, in particular, is considered â€Å"a holy man† because he is a monk and is particularly thought of for his noble counsel (5.3.269). In The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet, Friar Laurence’s advice and plans were designed to bring the two lovers together and end the family feud, but in the end, he should have heeded his own advice which might have prevented the death of Romeo, Juliet, and others. Once Romeo meets Juliet at the Capulet party, the two fall in love quickly. After Romeo and Juliet talk further in the Capulet orchard, Romeo meets the Friar and tells him of his plans to marry Juliet. Friar Laurence almost instantaneously approves of the matrimony because this might â€Å"turn your households’ rancor to pure love† (2.4.92). Romeo rapidly replies by saying, â€Å"O, let us hence! I stand on sudden haste† (2.4.93). The Friar replies by telling Romeo that he should slow down because the ones that move swiftly will falter. Although he gives this advice, it is not used in the plan Friar Laurence has to keep Juliet from being wedded to Paris. After Romeo and Juliet are married, disaster strikes when Juliet surprises Friar Laurence at his cell with the news of her being forced to marry Paris. She is so desperateShow MoreRelatedEssay about Evaluating an interpretation of literature653 Words   |  3 Pagesinterpretation of Shakespeare’s Romeo Juliet which portrays arguments about Friar Laurence, indicating that he was to blame for the tragic ending to the play. Marlowe Claims Throughout the plot, it is the actions of Friar Laurence, and he alone that are most significant in ensuring the final tragedy of the play. The statement pro ves that she believes the Friar to be the influence or the main reason the star crossed lovers die whereas in Shakespeares original version he made the Friar a caring man that justRead MoreThe Role of Friar Lawrence in Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare730 Words   |  3 PagesThe Role of Friar Lawrence in Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare Friar Lawrence was one of the most important characters in the novel. Even though he was not on the stage for most of the play he greatly contributed to the tragedy that would soon happen at the end of the play. There was basically three major parts that lead to the death of Romeo and Juliet, which Friar Lawrence was involved in all of them. Friar Lawrence played a vital role in the marriage, planning and death of Romeo andRead MorePardoned or Punished: Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare693 Words   |  3 Pages Pardoned or Punished? The play, Romeo and Juliet, written by William Shakespeare, is about a tragedy of two star crossed lovers who want nothing more than to be together forever. â€Å"†¦Or, if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love, And I’ll no longer be a Capulet.† (2.2.35-36) Romeo, a Montague, who is young and passionate, meets Juliet at a Capulet party. When they meet, it’s love at first sight. Juliet, a Capulet, is a beautiful young lady tired of being controlled by her father, Lord Capulet. The twoRead MoreThe True Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet819 Words   |  3 Pagesnear essential to us, even though not everyone has this advantage. William Shakespeare’s famous and celebrated tragedy, Romeo and Juliet, depicts several instances in which the title characters, though still naà ¯ve, behave more responsibly and maturely than the misguided adult figures in their lives–those of the Houses of Capulet and Montague, especially Juliet’s parents, and the culpable Friar Laurence. The earliest representation of the immature rashness of the Capulets and Montagues occurs at the beginningRead MoreTrue Love in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Essay1105 Words   |  5 Pagesthink of Romeo and Juliet as a love story with a tragic ending rather than a classic tragedy, because the love Romeo and Juliet find and share is beautiful and inspiring: there is nothing tragic about it.    Juliet My bounty is as boundless as the sea, My love as deep. The more I give to thee, The more I have, for both are infinite. [Act 2, Scene 2, 133-35]    Their heart-rending deaths are of course tragic, resulting as they do from an unforeseeable flaw in Friar LaurencesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1328 Words   |  6 Pagesmost of the things i am generally interested in reading is Shakespeare plays. Most notably, Romeo and Juliet as being one of my personal favorites.Throughout the entirety reading the play i’ve noticed how much the themes play a role in the effect the characters and their surroundings,resulting in a tragic ending. From some examples, how fate plays into Romeo and Juliet being â€Å"star-cross’d lovers† and, the theme of love playing an extreme role which is pure and beautiful but also destructive and chaoticRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Character Analysis1141 Words   |  5 Pageswhich ‘Romeo and Juliet’ was written, many people were strong believers of fate and it was a common belief in society. William Shakespeare was a famous poet who is recognised for his powerfu l writing and contribution to the English language. One of William Shakespeare’s highly recognised plays is ‘Romeo and Juliet’ written in the late 1500’s. It is a play about two star-crossed lovers alongside fate who by their death end the feud between the Montagues and the Capulets. In ‘Romeo and Juliet’, FriarRead More A Comparison of Love in Romeo and Juliet and The Tempest Essay1969 Words   |  8 PagesThe Phenomenon of Love in Romeo and Juliet and The Tempest      Ã‚  Ã‚   We know from the very opening scene of Romeo and Juliet, Romeo and Juliets love will end in tragedy. We may wonder why Miranda and Ferdinand in The Tempest do not end up with the same fate as Romeo and Juliet. Both couples are from opposing political families. Both couples are enraptured with their lovers. Why then does Romeo and Juliet end with their deaths and the Tempest end with Miranda and FerdinandsRead MoreEssay on Mercutio of William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet1389 Words   |  6 PagesMercutio of Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet Although the story of Romeo and Juliet does not focus on Mercutio, to many, he is one of the most interesting characters in literature. His name puns on the word mercurial which meansunpredictably changeable. His unsteady behavior makes him wise beyond his intentions. Arecurring trend in Shakespeare’s plays is the existence of a witty fool and many foolish wits. People such as Romeo, Friar Laurence, and Capulet are people who are made out to beRead MoreThe Role of Fate in Romeo and Juliet2091 Words   |  9 Pagesconceived around a foundation in either tragedy or comedy, this polarity of themes allowing him to experiment with the full range of human emotions. Typically, an integral part of a Shakespearean tragedy is love, which is frustrated by a breakdown in order, or the character of the hero, due to some human limitation. The play Romeo and Juliet has all these typical characteristics. However, the resultant conclusion of events for the characters in this tragedy is adversely affected by the hands of fate

Mental Illness Within The United States - 984 Words

Mental illness is an issue that impacts all prison systems throughout the United States. The wellbeing of inmates is a long debated issue. There is much improvement that can be done in the prison systems to help rehabilitate and treat inmates while they are incarcerated to better prepare them for a successful reintegration into society. An examination of the current rehabilitation and treatment programs for inmates diagnosed with psychological illness will assist in identifying failures in within the program. Proper implementation of these services can improve an inmate’s chance of successfully reintegrating into society after incarceration and ultimately lower the cost of running a government funded prison. This essay will cover the prominence of mental illness in prison, drug treatment programs that are used to address mental illness in the prison system, continue assistance or continuation of programs for released inmates, the opportunities that exist for rehabilitation, and a proposal for a rehabilitation program. The purpose of the research is aimed at improving the circumstances of the inmates to receive assistance while incarcerated that they may not receive while free. An Examination of the Implementation of Treatment and Rehabilitation Programs in Federal Prison Introduction Recognizing the benefits of a rehabilitation and treatment program that includes active and hands of treatment for inmates can be financially beneficial in the long term for the prisonShow MoreRelatedVeteran Mental Illness and System Justification Theory1461 Words   |  6 PagesVeteran Mental Illness and System Justification Theory Rates of mental illness are rising among Veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan. This social problem has had significant consequences, such as spikes in homelessness, unemployment and suicides in this population. Many argue there are too many barriers to mental health treatment in a society that stigmatizes mental illness and undervalues mental health care. 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Problem of gender diversity in the workplace †Free Samples

Question: Discus about the Problem of gender diversity in the workplace. Answer: Introduction Many researches shows that in Australia, 46.4% of all employees in Australia comprised of Women and among them only 24.8% are women working full-time and the remaining 21.4% are part-time workers(WGEAgency 2017). It is also found that in highermanagement position, only 12.9% women holds the chair position, 16.3% are CEO and 24.7% are in directorships of Australian companies(WGEAgency 2017). It is also seen that especially in technical and financial organizations, participation of women is lesser than the men. Thus, the organization that is selected for this research is National Australian Bank. NAB is one of the oldest banks in Australia providing financial services to its customers for long decades. The company has gained a large amount of profits. The company has 350,000 people serving 10 million customers at more than 800 location in Australia (Nab.com.au 2017) Research Aim The aim of this research is to address the problem of gender diversity in the workplace. The impact of gender diversity on brand recognition will be highlighted through this research. Research Hypothesis H0: Gender diversity does not enhance the brand recognition H1: Gender diversity enhances the brand recognition Research Objectives To identify some problem faced by NAB due to lack of gender diversity To evaluate the relationship between gender diversity and brand recognition To recommend effective approach to implement gender diversity in NAB Research Questions What are the problems faced by NAB due to lack of gender diversity? What is the relationship between gender diversity and brand recognition? Literature review Highlights of gender diversity issues In Australia, women opt for higher studies more than men but they cannot secure a firm position in organizations especially to higher positions. The research also shows that, women contributes 38% role for the designation of middle managers; while men makes through 62%(Durkin 2017). Moreover, for the designation of senior managers and board of directors, the participation percentage of women is 30% and 22% respectively(Durkin 2017). Additionally, only 5% of women are CEO of some Australian company; while, a significant portion of 91% of CEO are men(Durkin 2017). According to the government of Australia survey, gender difference results in unequal pay. Moreover, the statistics also shows that the highest gender pay gap is witnessed in financial and insurance services that are 30.8%, which is followed by scientific and technical services and health care sectors, where the gender pay gap is 25.4% and 23.5% respectively(WGEAgency 2017). Positive developments Percentage of women on the Boards of ASX 200 listed companies has been grown to 8.3% to 18.6% from 2010 to 2014(Commission 2017). Companies also had taken initiatives for ensuring the involvement of men in parenting children as Women. It is also found from the research that women are sexually harassed in the workplace, as a result to which government of Australia imposed many legislation like Sex Discrimination Act to secure the Women in workplaces (Commission 2017). This legislation also allows the organization to follow Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women. Research also shows that Australias legislative approach is likely to be for progressing pay equity through Fair Work Act 2009 and Workplace Gender Equality Act 2012(Commission 2017). Relationship between gender equality and brand recognition Research shows that provision of gender equality improves economic and social conditions for everyone. Many organizations emphasize on ripple effect for the betterment of the organization(Rubio, Oubia, and Villaseor 2014). It is also said that if an organization provide equal chances to eligible candidates irrespective of their gender and social beliefs, an organization can be known for their effective business ethics. An organization on adopting the concept of gender equality, attain the attention of the community as an ethical organization(Severi and Ling 2013). In such cases, more employees desire to get associated with the organization. In addition to that, gender equality provides varied viewpoints, strengthens communication for maintaining business success. It also fosters a positive work environment and all employees feel valued and help each other to boost morale so that they can accomplish the set goals and objectives of the organization(Lieven et al. 2014). Research hypothesis H1: Gender diversity does not enhance the brand recognition H2: Gender diversity enhances the brand recognition Research Methodology Research Philosophy The research methods used in the previous studies are not effective enough to derive the appropriate result. The previous studies have only focussed on assumptions and observation but the methods did not follow the empirical evidences. In order to provide the basic facts, knowledge and concept regarding the research philosophy has been used. Research philosophy is of three types- positivism, interpretivism and realism (Ritchie et al. 2013). Positivism offers crosschecking of research data; while, interpretivism is based on taking social beliefs based on the research (Gray 2013). Realism signifies the combination of both the positivism and interpretivism (Pickard 2013). In this research positivism research philosophy will be utilized, as it helps to extract the authentic information regarding the context of the research. In addition, this research philosophy is not based on the assumptions. It helps to make the analysis with the real-world facts and evidences. Justification for the selected research Philosophy Since the research topic highlights social issues in business, theoretical and practical perspective regarding the research topic, positivism philosophy will help to analyses the research data through real as well as cross checked fact. The positivism philosophy is significant related to the topic as this philosophy helps to analyze the social issues with other social evidences; thereby, the observation remains empirical. Research Approach There are two types of research approach- deductive and inductive research approach (Yilmaz 2013). In inductive research approach, new theories and models are developed for the research; whereas in deductive research approach, previously developed theories and models are utilised for analysing the research topic(Marshall and Rossman 2014). Thus, in this research, deductive research approach will be used. Justification for selected Research Approach Deductive approach will help to analyse the research on gender diversity and gaps based on the factual information, theories and model that are already developed by other research scholars. Research Purpose There are three different types of research purposes- exploratory, explanatory and descriptive (Mackey and Gass 2015). As the name suggests, in explanatory research approach, the cause and effect of the particular research study is connected (Smith 2007). Moreover, in exploratory research approach, the evaluation of the data is used for long term research; while, in descriptive research approach exploration as well as explanation of the research topic is performed with additional information (McNabb 2015). Justification for selected Research Purpose Descriptive research purposes will help to explain and describe the proper picture of the research study by incorporating added information. Data Collection techniques In this research, primary data are collected directly from the employees of National Bank of Australia like employees and managers. A questionnaire of 15 questions will be given to all employees while the managers are asked 3 question each regarding their steps for gender diversification. Data Analysis Technique In order to collect the data for analysis, primary and secondary data collection techniques will be used in the research. The primary data will be collected by conducting survey and interview from the employees of National Bank of Australia, whereas the secondary data will be collected from the books, journals and books. The study requires the involvement of primary methods as these methods will help to analyse the research issues with current facts and evidence regarding gender diversity. There are two ways of data analysis technique- quantitative and qualitative (Punch 2013). In quantitative data analysis, statistical and numerical data will be analysed through Microsoft Excel. On the other hand, in qualitative data analysis technique, the responses given by managers are evaluated theoretical in order to attain proper details regarding their steps for reducing gender disparity. Sample Size The data will be collected from 100 employees of NAB and 3 managers who are liable to improve gender imparity in the workplace. The capacity of the sample size is 100 because each branch of National Australian Bank is consisting of 140-150 employees including men and women. Thus, to learn the facts more intensively, the sample includes the highest number of employees, which is 100 out of 140. Conclusions Recommendations and Research Limitations Conclusion Thus, it has been observed that even though Australia has developed so much, the problem for gender discrimination is a serious issue in Australian workplaces. Nevertheless, collection of data will help to learn, to what extent, the organization in Australia or the government are concerned about the gender diversity. It is also expected that collection of data will uncover the initiatives whether or not taken by the organization to develop a diverse workplace. The previous studies indicate that females are discriminated through salary imparity, promotion, and physical violence. However, government have imposed strict regulation so that this adversity can be resolved. Moreover, organizations also take certain steps in order to provide equal opportunities and facility to eligible employees irrespective of their gender differences. Recommendations Even though, the proposed research includes a primary analysis, it lacks a comparative analysis, which might increase the intensity of the research. The propose research can be further developed by conducting a comparative analysis with the inclusion of another organization from a different industry. The comparative study might help to explore gender diversity more intensively. Research Limitations The research is conducted in terms of only one organization and thus problem like gender discrimination and imparity is assessed respective to one organization. Moreover, only 1000 employees are taken into consideration due to lack of time and financial resources. Thus, accurate research result may not be obtained. Additionally, only primary data are collected and this result in a research gap that the problem present in NAB cannot be compared with the gender problem occur overall in Australia. References Commission, Australian Human Rights. 2017. ""Face The Facts: Gender Equality | Australian Human Rights Commission" Humanrights.Gov.Au. ." Creswell, John W. 2013. Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches: Sage publications. Durkin, Patric. 2017. "Epic Fail On Gender Diversity." financial Review. Gray, David E. 2013. Doing research in the real world: Sage. Lieven, Theo, Bianca Grohmann, Andreas Herrmann, Jan R Landwehr, and Miriam Tilburg. 2014. "The effect of brand gender on brand equity." Psychology Marketingmanagement 31 (5):371-385. Mackey, Alison, and Susan M Gass. 2015. Second language research: Methodology and design: Routledge. Marshall, Catherine, and Gretchen B Rossman. 2014. Designing qualitative research: Sage publications. McNabb, David E. 2015. Research methods for political science: Quantitative and qualitative methods: Routledge. Pickard, Alison Jane. 2013. Research methods in information: Facet publishing. Punch, Keith F. 2013. Introduction to social research: Quantitative and qualitative approaches: Sage. Ritchie, Jane, Jane Lewis, Carol McNaughton Nicholls, and Rachel Ormston. 2013. Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers: Sage. Rubio, Natalia, Javier Oubia, and Nieves Villaseor. 2014. "Brand awarenessBrand quality inference and consumers risk perception in store brands of food products." Food quality and preference 32:289-298. Severi, Erfan, and Kwek Choon Ling. 2013. "The mediating effects of brand association, brand loyalty, brand image and perceived quality on brand equity." Asian Social Science 9 (3):125. Smith, Jonathan A. 2007. Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods: Sage. WGEAgency. 2017. "The Workplace Gender Equality Agency." www.wgea.gov.au/sites/default/files/Stats%20at%20a%20Glance%20FEB2017. Wilson, Jonathan. 2014. Essentials of business research: A guide to doing your research project: Sage. Yilmaz, Kaya. 2013. "Comparison of quantitative and qualitative research traditions: Epistemological, theoretical, and methodological differences." European Journal of Education 48 (2):311-325. Nab.com.au. (2017).About us. [online] Available at: https://www.nab.com.au/about-us [Accessed 26 May 2017]. Nab.com.au (2017). About us. Retrieved 26 May 2017, from https://www.nab.com.au/about-us Pocock, B., Charlesworth, S. and Chapman, J., 2013. Work-family and work-life pressures in Australia: advancing gender equality in good times?.International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy,33(9/10), pp.594-612.

Medias Influence on Americans Diet free essay sample

A paper which explores the extent of the medias role on Americans eating habits.A paper which explores how the media contributes to the bad eating habits of the American people. It examines issues such as advertising, projection of the cool or perfect image, targeting of children, dental problems and health issues. The paper also discusses ways in which the media can be used to deliver positive and educational messages.Children are an easy and promising market. According to MediaQuotient research, an American child watches TV for 25 hours a week; some of the children have television set in their bedroom, where they can spend time relaxing in bed watching their favorite cartoon with an ice cream gallon in hand. Families also often have their television on during meals, as 18% of the participants say always, 22% say often, and 26% do it sometimes, showing that much of the time they are exposed to TV shows and commercials. We will write a custom essay sample on Medias Influence on Americans Diet or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

What career in management would be the best fit for me

What career in management would be the best fit for me A career in management has many components such as strategic planning, measuring success, HR and the list continues. The management field can be so broad and versatile you are bound to find your perfect fit in a company. Being in the management field requires a good mix of both people and analytical skills. Good leadership is a must in management! Thinking about a career in management? This quiz is perfect for helping you decide which would be the best.Source [ Playbuzz ]

Russias Populists

Russias Populists Populist/Populism is a name retroactively given to the Russian intelligentsia who opposed the Tsarist regime and industrialization in the 1860s, ​70s, and 80s. Although the term is loose and covers a lot of different groups, overall the Populists wanted a better form of government for Russia than the existing Tsarist autocracy. They also feared the dehumanizing effects of the ​industrialization which was occurring in Western Europe, but which had so far largely left Russia alone. Russian Populism The Populists were essentially pre-Marxist socialists and believed that revolution and reform in the Russian empire must come through the peasants, who comprised 80% of the population. The Populists idealized peasants and the ‘Mir’, the Russian agricultural village, and believed that the peasant commune was the perfect basis for a socialist society, allowing Russia to skip Marx’s bourgeois and urban stage. Populists believed that industrialization would destroy the Mir, which in fact offered the best route to socialism, by forcing peasants into crowded cities. Peasants were generally illiterate, uneducated and living just above subsistence level, while the Populists were generally educated members of the upper and middle classes. You may be able to see a potential fault line between these two groups, but many Populists didnt, and it led to some nasty problems when they started Going to the People. Going to the People The Populists thus believed that it was their task to educate the peasants about revolution, and it was as patronizing as that sounds. Consequently, and inspired by an almost religious desire and belief in their powers of conversion, thousands of populists traveled to peasant villages to educate and inform them, as well as sometimes learn their ‘simple’ ways, in 1873-74. This practice became known as ‘Going to the People’, but it had no overall leadership and varied massively by location. Perhaps predictably, the peasants generally responded with suspicion, viewing the Populists as soft, interfering dreamers with no concept of real villages (accusations which werent exactly unfair, indeed, repeatedly proven), and the movement made no inroads. Indeed, in some locales, the Populists were arrested by the peasants and given to the police to be taken as far away as possible from the rural villages as possible. Terrorism Unfortunately, some Populists reacted to this disappointment by radicalizing and turning to terrorism to try and promote revolution. This had no overall effect on Russia, but terrorism thus increased in the 1870s, reaching a nadir in 1881 when a small Populist group called ‘The People’s Will’ – the ‘people’ in question numbered around 400 in total – succeeded in assassinating Tsar Alexander II. As he had shown an interest in reform, the result was a massive blow to the Populist’s morale and power and led to a Tsarist regime which became more repressive and reactionary in revenge. After this, the Populists faded away and transformed into other revolutionary groups, such as the Social Revolutionaries who would take part in the revolutions of 1917 (and be defeated by the Marxist socialists). However, some revolutionaries in Russia looked at the Populist’s terrorism with renewed interest and would adopt these methods themselves .

Questions about the NSA Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Questions about the NSA - Research Paper Example These include e-mailing and telephone addresses used in communication and the dates and times of the communications. However, the programs do not give permission to collection of the content of the e-mails or calls themselves (Electronic Frontier Foundation). It is worth noting that although a huge amount of the information is collected, a vast majority of it does not usually get reviewed. This is because of the unresponsive nature of the information toward the limited queries authorized for purposes of intelligence. These programs are also subjected to extensive regimes of internal checks, more so for U.S persons and are monitored by the FISA court together with the congress. Therefore, NSA bulk collection programs are important tools in fighting against terrorism, they are greatly helpful in identification of terrorist plots aiming the homeland. The tools have the uniqueness of producing intelligence that is otherwise not available to the NSA. During the time before the 9/11 terrorist attack in New York, the NSA failed to establish that a call made by one of the persons involved in the attack, one al-Mihdhar, was in fact originating from San Diego, California. Instead, despite intercepting and transcribing the calls, NSA could not get to know al-Mihdhar’s calling location, leading to the conclusion that he was overseas. It is because of this that programs were developed to close such gaps that allow individuals like al-Mihdhar to go undetected while communicating, in fact while in the United States, during plotting of terror attacks. One such program operates under the FISA Court authority and which is pursuant to FISA’s â€Å"business records† authority, which has a common reference as â€Å"Section 215†. Together with similar programs in operation pursuant to FISA, and including exercising of trap/pen authorities,

Corporate Group Structure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Corporate Group Structure - Essay Example The existence of the limited liability principle further serves as a means whereby such parent companies may be able to legally escape the consequences of their risk taking and where there is additional scope provided for financial manipulation of accounts. The doctrine of limited liability allows a parent company's responsibility to be limited to its own liabilities and thereby increases the scope for risk taking and profit enhancing behavior, which are generally beneficial for the economy. In the wake of the corporate scandals, reforms have been introduced in most countries, with increased focus on corporate governance and accountability. There have also been further proposals to introduce a more comprehensive regime dealing with corporate liability, wherein parent corporations would also be held responsible for tortuous claims arising out of the actions of their subsidiaries. But such reforms have been opposed on the grounds that they would limit corporate flexibility and function as a deterrent to economic growth because they would hinder risk taking behavior. The analysis below examines the pros and cons of reducing the scope of limited liability and corporate flexibility. The limited liability basis of C... In this case, the Court held that a corporation has a separate and distinct legal personality apart from its owners and/or shareholders. Irrespective of the extent to which a shareholder has an interest in the Company, even if such an individual is the director in complete control of the Company's affairs, the acts and liabilities of the Company are held to be separate and not his/her acts or liabilities. The corporate body as an entity is impersonal and individuals may function in different capacities within an organization3, with their financial activities being shielded from the public eye, by virtue of the corporate veil. The corporation as a legal entity propagates itself and individuals associated with it are able to be exempted from liability for the debts of the Company. The limited liability aspect has been deemed beneficial for the improved efficiency of the securities markets.4 . Limited liability has been deemed to promote "innovation, investment and risk taking by the corporation."5 Limited liability is deemed to have a positive effect in terms of providing incentives for investment, diversification of portfolios and for the efficient operation of security markets. Corporate structure and limited liability: The significance of the Salomon case is that it established (a) a corporation as a separate legal entity and (b) the principle that the debts of a corporation are not the debts of its members, officers or directors. This decision establishing the independent legal personality of the corporation in relation to a single company that was rendered in the Salomon v Salomon6 case was extended to groups of companies by the decision rendered in the case of Adams v Cape Industries Plc7. Extension of

What is meant by the term gothic Essay Example for Free

What is meant by the term gothic Essay Gothic literature, which is sometimes referred to as Gothic horror, is a genre that links horror and romance into one tale of ‘transgressing the boundaries’. Gothicism was unheard of until the late 1700’s, this movement into a new genre of literature. This was pioneered by the English author Horace Walpole, in his famous fictional book ‘The Castle of Otranto’, or as Walpole alternatively titled it ‘a Gothic story’. Horace Walpole himself had transgressed the boundaries slightly; by introducing this new style of writing he had added a whole new genre into literature. Walpole’s style of writing was unique and captivated the readers mind and imagination to let he or she share the act of transgression, or as Robert Kidd, a renowned critic put it, â€Å"The Gothic has somehow seduced the reader so that he or she is complicit in engaging in whatever he or she might encounter†. This is what kept Gothicism alive, the author’s ability to intrigue the reader and give them a thirst to read more gothic literature. The term Gothic has been viewed as very different things over time. Gothicism came about at a very tumultuous time, after the fall of the Roman Empire, a time of raw and uncontrolled exercise of physical power. The Goths were a barbaric tribe of murderers, rapists and thieves, later the term was known as ‘Medieval’. Nowadays the term Gothic is viewed very differently by modern society, when thought about now, one thinks of it as horror. It is in rock bands, the theatre, but mainly in the modern film industry. Gothicism has become somewhat of an obsession to modern film producers and leading film companies in recent years. This acceleration of Gothic themed films started in 1922 with the film ‘Nosferatu’; this was then followed by ‘Rebecca’ in 1940. And the list continues, Sleepy Hollow (1999), Corpse Bride (2005), Sweeney Todd (2007), and one of the more modern examples, the newer version of The Woman in Black (2012). This just highlights the extent of interest in modern society about modern Gothicism. The standard thought of somebody, when they are posed with the question ‘What do you understand about the term Gothic?’ would most likely be fairly predictable. The scene would be set in the heart of a dark, wet forest away from any normal civilisation. The building would be a dark and rundown old mansion in a large empty clearing with large empty  rooms and halls. Gargoyles would be clinging to the exterior of the building, and a decrepit, collapsed roof leaking and dripping in the driving rain. When the innocent traveller knocks on the door hoping to gain refuge and shelter from the storm, he is greeted by an emaciated, gangly butler who invites them in, as they fail to notice the menacing grin as they enter the dark, badly lit and claustrophobic corridor. The scene created is one of fear and horror which is typical of Gothicism. All these features are motifs in Gothic literature. These tools are what all authors of Gothic literature use without exception. This is for the simple reason that these tools are what keep the genre of Gothic literature alive. The author uses the reader’s natural, urge for adrenalin boost and thrill, through suspense and mystery to make the book successful. In almost every Gothic text, the reader is in a position of dramatic irony where he or she can see everything happening and unfolding, without the ability to stop it. Another one of the main reasons, as to why Gothic Literature is such a success is because; Gothic texts allow the reader to think the unthinkable, and to sublimate their innermost desires, psyche and their wildest imaginations. The reader is able to satisfy his or hers innermost desires through the pages of the book. The reader finds refuge through Gothic text. This is no exception with the authors. The author also wants to satisfy their imagination by creatively and articulately channelling their thoughts into a work of art. Robert Kidd writes in his ‘Transgressing the Boundaries’ article, â€Å"The power and passion of Gothic Literature seemed eminently suited to the iconoclasts who wished to challenge the status quo†. There were many famous writers like this, for example, Horace Walpole, Lewis, Godwin and of course Mary Shelley. The authors and readers of Gothic Literature share a very special connection. Both sides gain from books and share the same feelings as one writes and one reads the book, with both satisfying their imaginations. Mary Shelley’s ‘Frankenstein’ or ‘The Modern Prometheus’ is a known as a Gothic text. Although Frankenstein is indeed a gothic text, it does not include every element of Gothic text. However it is impossible to read the book without realising that there are a lot of Gothic techniques within. A major part of Gothic literature is mystery, and this is present from the very beginning of the book. We experience mystery firstly in the letters on  pp. 15-31. The reader at this stage does not know who is writing the letters (He is soon revealed as Robert Walton) and who the Mrs Saville he is writing to is. This is the first mystery; the next is why Robert Walton is writing in such a serious tone, â€Å"Rejoice to hear that no disaster has accompanied†. Already the reader is feeling a sense of danger and mysteriousness in the book. This is an exact example of the reader being driven to read further to satisfy their curiosity. Gothic Literature is not only about horror; romance also plays a very large part in it. And this is also present from the very beginning of the book. In the letters mentioned in the previous paragraph, as well as the mystery and danger sensed by the reader (â€Å"Rejoice to hear that no disaster has accompanied†.), the reader also senses the love between Robert Walton and his sister, Mrs Saville. There are of love and affection in every single letter without exception, for instance â€Å"Farewell, my dear, excellent Margaret.† And the list can continue with numerous examples. The various examples above that contribute to a Gothic text are not lone samples. These various themes and motifs continue throughout the text. Gothic text also has a reputation for not immediately beginning with horror and dark mystery; rather it begins with peace and harmony that gradually changes throughout the text, and again ‘Frankenstein’ is a testimony to this. When Victor completes his pride, his experiment, his son, his reaction is one of ecstasy, â€Å"Beautiful. Beautiful!† which quickly changes to one of disgust and abhorrence, with his words â€Å"the beauty of the dream vanished, and a breathless horror and disgust filled my heart.† This emotion of love changing to disgust is verification of Shelley’s efforts make ‘Frankenstein’ a Gothic text, as many texts do. Mary Shelley, in the book ‘Frankenstein’ or ‘The Modern Prometheus’, went to great lengths to make the book a Gothic text, and indeed it went on to become one of the most famous Gothic texts in history.

I Have Learned to Accept My Mistakes Essay -- essays research papers

I Have Learned to Accept My Mistakes The influences that have shaped my identity are my parents, who always taught me right from wrong. Who were always there for me even though I may have disappointed them at one or more times in my life. Although, I had to quit college after only attending one semester because I got pregnant my parents were still there to guide me and support my decisions. I am a good thinker because I have grown to be honest with myself I have learned to accept my mistakes and learn from them. On the other hand, I am also like the poor thinker because I do judge people on what they wear, their attitudes, or their way of thinking. But as we all know from experience, we can’t help it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I once believed that lying was the only way out of hurting another person but after lying on many occasions not to get caught got me nowhere. I would lie on numerous times to my boyfriend that when the relationship got serious and committed he couldn’t help but throw my past lies in my face, especially during an argument. So after 2 years I have learned to always be honest regardless of the outcome. And so far it has worked to my favor.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I try not to always believe rumors I hear. Most of the time the rumors that I hear are not true, they are a minor lie that turned into a good believable story. But then again when a good rumor is heard I can’t help but to listen to it. I find it very ...

Reflection and Personal Development Plan

Personal development (PDP) can be defined as â€Å"enabling people to fulfil their potential, to expand their talents and to progress at work and through life with meaning and satisfaction. † (Guirdham, 1995:116). PDP is likely to be an essential tool for development, and helps in the planning of basic strategies require to evaluate and enhance own capabilities. Evaluating personal capability entails reviewing personal qualities like the strengths and weaknesses in various areas of learning. The PDP will help me tackle the areas where weakness was seen in the learning process and ensure the areas of strength are maintained at high levels.The aim of this essay is to give a reflective account of my experience of personal development. I chose to critically reflect on ‘teamwork' and ‘leadership' skills, as not only were these skills some of the essential skills I undertook in my previous job, but these skills are also required for my future development and career prosp ect.In order to examine the factors that enhance or impede the achievement of my chosen skills, I undertook a SWOT analysis to examine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats that affect me, the work environment and I also consider the wider influencing factors.Though we learn from experience, PDP enables us to get into the habit of frequently recording that learning as well as thinking about how it could be applied in the future. Personal development (PDP) can be defined as â€Å"enabling people to fulfil their potential, to expand their talents and to progress at work and through life with meaning and satisfaction. † (Guirdham, 1995:116). PDP is likely to be an essential tool for development, and helps in the planning of basic strategies require to evaluate and enhance own capabilities.Evaluating personal capability entails reviewing personal qualities like the strengths and weaknesses in various areas of learning. The PDP will help me tackle the areas where weakn ess was seen in the learning process and ensure the areas of strength are maintained at high levels.The aim of this essay is to give a reflective account of my experience of personal development. I chose to critically reflect on ‘teamwork' and ‘leadership' skills, as not only were these skills some of the essential skills I undertook in my previous job, but these skills are also required for my future development and career prospect.In order to examine the factors that enhance or impede the achievement of my chosen skills, I undertook a SWOT analysis to examine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats that affect me, the work environment and I also consider the wider influencing factors. Though we learn from experience, PDP enables us to get into the habit of frequently recording that learning as well as thinking about how it could be applied in the future.

Reflective cycle Essay

I will reflect on an incident that occurred during my shift to develop positive attitude towards nursing informatics. In this reflection, I am going to use Gibbs (1988) Reflective cycle. This model is a recognized framework for my reflection. Gibbs (1988) consist of six stages to complete one cycle which is able to improve my nursing informatics and learning from the experience for better practice in future. The cycle starts with description of the situation, analysis of the feelings, evaluation of experience, analysis to make sense of experience, and conclusion of what else I could have done and also action plan to prepare if the situation arose again. However, Siviter (2004) explains that reflection is about gaining self confidence ,identify when to improve, learning from own mistakes and behavior, looking at other people perspectives, being self aware and improving the future by learning from the past. In my context with the patients, it is important that the nurse incorporates nursing informatics to improve health care delivery. However Hebda and Czar (2009) defines nursing informatics as the use of information and computer technology to support all aspects of nursing practice, including direct delivery of care ,administration, education and research. Nursing informatics involves the use of computer based information system which according to Stair and Reynolds (2008,pg 4) is defined as a set of interrelated components that collect ,manipulate, store and disseminate data and information and provide a feedback mechanism to meet an objective. Description I had just reported from the four months maternity leave and during the shift changeover, I was informed by my colleagues of the new method of requesting for investigations online and that I was to see the team leader to take me through the process. I heard my colleagues discuss a lot on how the new system was consuming their time and since it had been made a hospital policy they had no choice than to adhere to it. This did not sound interesting to me as I did not even have computer literacy and wondered why the institution had changed the system. I shied off from seeking help from my team leader since I did not want to be embarrassed for not being a computer literate. I decided that I am going to use the old method and when I am asked,I will defend myself and say that I did not know about it. Unfortunately, the team leader did not realize that I had just reported from long leave and needed updates or maybe she waited for me to take an initiative to seek for updates from her as it always happens when one comes back from long leave which did not happen. During the doctor’s rounds, one of my patients had some request for investigations and because the phlebotomy rounds had already taken place, one of the doctors obtained the blood from the patient and left for me to charge and send it to the laboratory. I decided to give the health care assistant the specimen to take to the laboratory hoping that the laboratory technicians would charge it as they had always done before the introduction of the new system. During the exit round, the doctor inquired on the report and when I called the lab they said that I was supposed to check from the computer. Since I did not have any computer literacy, I pretended that I was checking but the doctor got impatient and decided to check by himself. On checking, the doctor found that the specimen was never charged and so could not access the report. On calling the laboratory technician, it was reported to the doctor that the specimen was discarded because it was assumed to be a reject since they had not found the details online. The doctor got so upset with me and insisted that I should explain to the patient what happened so that he could obtain more specimen. I got so confused because I didn’t have the exact words to tell to the patient. I then gathered courage and told the patient that the specimen obtained earlier was not enough for the investigations requested and that we needed to obtain more specimen.at first, the patient could not understand but after a second thought, she gave the consent and the specimen was obtained. This time round the doctor lost trust in me and decided to charge by himself and gave a health care assistant to take the specimen to the laboratory. Feelings On reflection of the incident, I felt so embarrassed because such things are not supposed to happen to a senior nurse who is supposed to be giving guidance to the junior nurses. I also felt irresponsible for not seeking help from my colleques on charging the patient’s specimen and that I had not taken the initiative to see the team leader to give me the updates that occurred while I was away. I felt empathetic for the patient and blamed myself for not taking the proper action. I also felt at my level I needed to have computer literacy because that is what hindered me from seeking help. The American Nurses Association (2007) states that the experienced nurse builds up on the competencies required for practitioners using basic computer skills to information regarding the patient and has to be proficient in her/his area of specialization. The doctors, and other nurses felt upset for my action. Evaluation Good points. After the incident, it made me think of how I would have handled the situation and how important computer & information literacy is to me and other healthcare practitioners. Selvasekaran (2008) defines computer literate health care provider as that who has basic understanding of the computer hardware, common types of software and different ways in which software application can be used in patient care environment. Association of college and research libraries (2002) defines information literacy as the ability to recognize when information is needed as well as the skills to find, evaluate and use needed information effectively. Bad points. It was a shame that my negligence of seeking information led to the waste of patient’s specimen leading to waste of time in obtaining the results. It also caused more pain to the patient since the patient needed to be pricked again and this added extra stressors to the patient who was already stressed by her illness. The other bad point is that the laboratory technician discarded patient’s specimen instead of calling the ward for it to be charged. Analysis I wondered why the institution had changed from the old system of requesting for investigations, I then remembered that earlier I had read from a book on the importance/benefits of nursing informatics in a healthcare setup which included: †¢Improved access to information. †¢Error reduction & improved communication. †¢Decreased redundancy on data entry. †¢Convenience. †¢Decreased time spent in medication administration & documentation †¢Increased time for client care †¢Facilitation of data collection for research †¢Improved record security †¢Improved quality of care and patient satisfaction (Hebda and Czar 2009 pg 37). I then realized that the old method did not have the above qualities and so the institution opted for the new system. In this case there was ignorance of seeking information due to lack of computer and information literacy. Maybe I would have given the sample to my colleagues who were well informed to charge. I also could have called the laboratory technician and inform that the specimen had not been charged. It is good that I finally learnt from my my mistake and that the second sample drawn was charged and results acquired. However, having no computer literacy & information literacy does not make my action acceptable. Conclusion. My reflection of this event explores how important nursing informatics is in a healthcare set up and that all the healthcare providers should have knowledge on nursing informatics. The whole issue was embarrassing and I felt that instead of just sending the specimen and assuming that the lab technicians will charge, I would have given it to my colleagues to charge or inform the laboratory technician that I was not able to charge the specimen & hence helping them to take an appropriate decision instead of discarding it. Also instead of shying off from seeking the information on the new system from the team leader, I would have gained a little knowledge from my colleagues on how to operate the computer and then boldly proceed to the team leader for more information. This showed that I was not wise enough. According to American Nurses Association (2007) wisdom occurs when knowledge is used appropriately to manage and solve problems. Results from understanding and requires human effort. However, If I had availed myself for the information, this mess would not have happened. Action plan. In order to prevent the incident from happening again, it is important that when I come back from a long leave, I should take the initiative to seek for updates from my colleagues and also the team leader taking in account the sensitive issues like this one.I should also seek help from my colleagues of things that am not certain of so as to prevent unpleasant incidences from happening. The action I took after the incidence was to write an incident form so that others could learn from my mistake. I also sought the information on online investigation request from my colleagues and team leader and also enrolled in computer classes so that I could have enough knowledge on computer literacy since the information I got from my colleagues and team leader was so particular and only concerned requesting of investigations and obtaining reports.i also called laboratory technicians and informed them to always call the ward before discarding patients specimens. I have learnt that there can be many positive learning opportunities from the mistakes we make. Reflection can sometimes show your shortcomings and this can be an excuse not to reflect, but by taking negative incidences positively you can turn around & change yourself for the better. I am now computer and information literate. References: American Nurses Association. (2007). Scope and standards of nursing informatics practice.Washington: American Nurses. Association of College and Research Libraries. (2002). Information literacy competencestandards for higher education. Retrieved in November 18, 2002, fromhttp://www.ala.org/acrl/ilintro.html#ildef. Gibbs (1998). Learning by doing. A guide to teaching and learning methods. Further educatingunit. Oxford: Oxford polytechnic. Hebda, T., Czar, P. (2009). Handbook on informatics for nurses and healthcare professionals.(4th ed.) . Pearson: New Jersey. Selvasekaran, J. (2008). Essentials of computer for nurses. (2nd ed.). Mumbai: Jaypee brothers. Siviter, B. (2004). The student nurse handbook. Philadelphia: Baillere Tindall. Stair, R., Reynolds. (2008). Principles of information systems. (8th ed.).Boston: Thompsoncourse technology.

Analysis of the French Wine Sector

Analysis of the French Wine Sector Introduction The wine industry is one of the oldest industries in the world with a number of countries being that major players in the industry. One of the countries in which the wine industry has existed for a very long time is France. For a long time, France has been known to be one of the renowned nations in the production and consumption of wine. This means that there are very many firms that produce wine in France. France has a large population that consumes wine thus this population acts as the first market for the wine sector or industry in the country. The government of France has been supporting the Wine sector for a long time due to the expansiveness, and thus influence of the industry to the economy of France. The government support has backed the sector from both internal and external economic pressure and threats (Jenster, 2008). Over many years, the wine industry in France has been influenced the interests in English and the Dutch market. This happened before the French revolution. The ancient regions in France which have been known to produce wine include Alsace, Bordeaux, Burgundy, Loire Valley, Champagne, Languedoc and Rhone. France dominated the wine industry globally till near the end of the 20th century. However, the 21st century has brought about significant changes in the wine industry.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Analysis of the French Wine Sector specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The global wine market has become significantly competitive. Other regions of Europe and the world have come in the industry and are giving France a cut throat competition. In Europe, Spain and Italy have joined wine producing countries in the world. Also, there are other recent wine produces like Australia, California – United States and a number of countries in the South American region (Wherry, 2011). The wine sector in France started booming in the 19th century after the e nd of French revolution. The French Revolution brought about the rise in incidences of production of poor quality wine in France. This was because there was inadequate knowledge among the producers of wine in the country. The technology that was being utilized in the processing of wine was poor. Therefore, investment was made in order to come up with improved technologies in wine production. Therefore, a wine processing technology known as â€Å"chaptalization† which entails the addition of sugar into wine to raise alcohol levels was developed. This was a turning point in the wine sector in France as this technology was further built on to better the industry. By around 1850s, the wine industry had sky had attained voluminous growth. During the same time, the upper class commonly referred to as the bourgeoisie had emerged. This class formed part of the largest group of wine consumers. The bourgeoisie provided a big market for the wine sector. Many technological developments t ook place in the wine sector to better quality of wine. Towards the end of the 19th century, the government of France gave Louis Pasteur the task of studying the problems that were facing the wine industry. Pasteur carried out research and established findings that revolutionized the science of winemaking in France. In his study, he discovered what caused wine spoilage and developed processes of eliminating wine spoilage. Also, the development of the French railway systems added to the betterment of the wine sector as it opened up more area for trading of the French wines. More regions became accessible (Anderson, 2004). Wine is produced in different regions of France. France as a country produces approximately 60 million hectoliters of wine annually. The country has the second widest total vineyard area globally. The leading county in terms of the size of vineyard area in the world is Spain. France still leads the production of wine in the world.Advertising Looking for rese arch paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It was only eliminated from the top spot in the year 2008 by Italy. The country produces a wide variety of wines. Expensive and high vined wines are produced and exported to other countries where they are consumed. Modest wines are also produced though they are mostly sold in the local market (Anderson, 2004). France has different varieties of grape, and this is one of the factors that give this country a competitive advantage in the wine sector. These different varieties of grape include chardonnay, pinot noir, cabernet sauvignon, syrah, and sauvignon blanc. However, these varieties have been introduced and are now being cultivated in other countries. The wine making practices that were only utilized in France have also been imported by other countries. This has been coupled with other pressures like the drop in the local consumption and the growth of wine i ndustries in other countries within and outside Europe. This has put pressure on the wine sector and reduced the competitive advantage of this sector in the world market. The per capita wine consumption dropped by almost 20 percent in the 1900 decade. This means that reliance on foreign markets remains to be the focus of wine producers in the country. France has been depending on the regional market for the sale of its wine. Therefore, the production of wine in other states within and without the European Union threatens the wine sector. Expensive wines have been fetching a lot of in some for the sector as most of the expensive wines find markets in the wealthy markets of Europe and the United States (Dougherty, 2011). The wine sector is an important booster of the agricultural sector of France. Agriculture forms part of the important sectors in the economy of France. The main crops that are grown are sugar beets, barley, wheat, corn and potatoes and fruits. The fruits are utilized in the making of wine. Therefore, the wine industry holds a big part of the local economy through the support of the horticultural sector. The wine sector provides employment to a relatively big number of people. Apart from this, the wine industry is a foreign exchange earner for the country by way of the payments that are made from the sale of wine in the international market. The wine sector boosts other industries in the country; therefore, its importance in the French economy is too open (Dougherty, 2011). The wine sector in France has been coping well in the global wine industry. However, the competitive developments in the 21st century have affected innovation and the wine export opportunities for the country. However, the country is still ranked as the leading producer and in consumption of wine.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Analysis of the French Wine Sector specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is important to note that the gap at which it is leading is shrinking at an increasing rate. By the year 2007, France only had a 20 percent of the total world production while its consumption stood at 14 percent. More competition is likely to shrink its market more and force the country out of the international wine market. The wine exports are reducing while the local sales are also going down (Jordan, Zidda Lockshin, 2007). Strategy Exploration – Exporting, Differentiation and New Technology Owing to the recent developments in the wine sector of France, a number of strategies have been adopted to streamline the sector. These strategies are differentiation, exporting and new technology. All the strategies aim at improving the competitiveness of a sector in the economy. Differentiation, commonly known as product differentiation in economics and business studies can be defined as the approach that a firm in the industry adopts in order to develop and increase marketing of its u nique goods for different segments of customers. This strategy works well where a firm has an upper hand when it comes to competitive advantage and the ability to sustain costly advertising campaigns. Essentially, this is regarded as one of the marketing strategies. This strategy is also called market segmentation. Product differentiation simply means separating the products of a firm from those of competitor firms. The major objective of product differentiation in an industry is to boost the competitive advantage of the product in the market. In other words, product differentiation increases the competitive advantage of products if it is properly applied by a firm in the industry or economy. In economics, well conducted product differentiation results in monopolistic competition. It eliminates perfect competition. There are there different types of product differentiation, which are simple, horizontal and vertical differentiation (Zanni, 2004). The exporting strategy involves the a ssessment of the products as it appertains to their potentiality for export. Exporting strategies aims at helping a firm to enter and gain grounds in the international market. Exports expand the market for products and the competitive base of a firm. New technologies are applied in either the business processing or production stages of products of a firm. When applied in the production process, new technologies do aim at raising the quality and the value of products in the market. When the product quality is improved by way of applying new technology, the products become more competitive in the market (Jordan, Zidda Lockshin, 2007).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The various strategies may be used differently at a time; however, in certain instances, firms may decide to use various strategies concurrently. However, this depends with the intensity of the problem that is being solved by these strategies or the objectives of the firm that is applying the strategies. More often, one strategy is applied. Nevertheless, the success of the strategy determines the employment of the proceeding strategy. The wine sector of France has applied all these strategies at different times. These strategies have been applied to increase the competitiveness of the sectors as a result of internal and external constraints that have been affecting the operation of the sector in the country. New technology has for instance been applied from the earliest time of the industry with a lot of changes being made to enhance wine quality. Product differentiation has also been adopted by the wine industry and applied in different ways. The wine has been branded differently t o make it distinctive from other wine products from Italy, Spain and other wine producers in the United States and the South American region. Other aspects of product differentiation like packaging have also been employed by the French wine industry. With the shrinkage of the local market, the wine sector of France has been forced to develop export marketing strategy which will see it increase foreign sales that will be useful in offsetting the effect of the shrunken local market (Moulton Lapsley, 2001). Strategy Analysis: French Wine Sector (Impact on ) Strategy Exporting Strategy II Differentiation Strategy III New Technology Customers There are different types or brands of wine produced in France. France Produces high quality wine which is suits the customers in the foreign market. The quality of wine that is mostly consumed at the local market is of medium quality. Also, there will be price differences that come with each developed wine brands. Therefore, they are attrac ting customers of different income bases. The different brands in which the wine is offered gives an opportunity to customers in the foreign market to enjoy the variation and differences min tastes of wine. There is a likelihood of increase in the number of customers in the foreign market. Innovation in the wine industry, through the introduction of new technologies, has resulted to the development of new tastes and variations in wine products. Therefore, the number of customers has also risen. Technology has a positive impact especially so when it turns out positive on products. Employees When the export strategy succeeds, the employees will get an assurance of being sustained in the industry. With increased exports, there will be increments in income for the company. Therefore, the workers will get an increment in wages which will better their economic conditions and motivate them. Differentiation has a direct effect on employees. When the industry diversifies its production and distribution process, this results in an increased number of employees. There will be structural changes that come with differentiation which will have a short-term effect on the employees as the program picks up. However, the employees will get benefits as the program picks up. The new technology is leading to the production of different brands of wine. New brands of wines mean that the market will expand the meaning that more jobs will be created, and the current employees will be remunerated. Community There will be different types of wines available for the community. Increase in wine exports has encouraged wine tourism, which will better the community. Wine sector differentiation offers the community with employment activities as differentiation creates more diversification and thus more job opportunities. Community development results from improved technologies and improved productivity. Innovation will lead to the growth of the wine sector. This will benefit the community directly through offering employment opportunities. Also, it will have indirect benefits through corporate social responsibility activities of the firms in the sector. Government Increasing exports are helping the government of France to advance international business relations with other countries through bilateral and multilateral trade agreements. It opens up the country to increased trading activities. Differentiation has been the source of business diversification that has led to the development of tourism and hotel industry. This is because most French wine accompanies meals. The government uses wine as the major tourism feature. Support of research and development in order to innovate results in industrial growth meaning that the government will directly gain from industrial growth. More jobs will be created for the citizens and the government will garner more taxes from the industry. Alliances France is cooperating with other wine companies in other countries. This will help the country to gain new techniques of production and improve its access into the foreign market. This also improves its reputation in the international market. Alliances are part of the facets f the differentiation strategy. A business alliance, which is part of business partnership, helps in the development of technology and production invention and innovation. His s helping in the bettering of products in the industry. Competitors New competitors have come into the wine industry. These competitors are Italy, Spain and other countries in South America for instance Chile. In order to overcome the competition, France has chosen to adopt differentiation strategies that help to maintain their products in the international wine market and maintain a good share of the wine market in the international market. The competition that has developed in the global wine market has necessitated the rebranding of products to and increased promotion of the French wines both at the local and i n the international market. Wine firms in France are adopting all measures that will see them maintain the status and sales of their products in the now competitive wine market. As part of the efforts of fighting competition, new brands are developed through research and development thereby helping to raise the competitive levels of the French wine industry. Investors The whole process of the wine sector improvement gives an opportunity to investors in the agricultural sector of France. This sector produces raw materials that are used in the making of wine. The export of wine products into the international market results in other business deals giving a chance to both foreign and local investors. Investors in the industry directly benefits from the export of wine. This opens a window for investors in the wine and related sectors. More income is generated as a result of new technologies, more income to the investors thus more investments. The different strategies that have been used in the improvement of the wine sector in the country have different effects on the different business groups in the wine industry. Overall, these strategies have the primary aim of beating the competition in the wine market. As earlier explained, the exporting strategy has been the focus of the wine sector in France due to the witnessed decreasing rate of local consumption of wine. This strategy has aided in increasing the access of new brands into the international market thereby leading to stakeholder benefits. The investors have benefited in different ways. The government of France and investors in the wine industry has been the major beneficiaries from the exporting strategies. The international business agreements that are established opens up the country to cross-country trading activities. These trading opportunities are taken up by investors who build on the opportunities presented to establish other trading activities. On the other hand, the foreign business transacti ons, which serve as sources of foreign exchange, are crucial to the economy of a country. More foreign exchange earnings mean that the French economy will be stronger. Therefore, the wine industry is coming to Exporting strategies continues to support the wine sector of France that has been facing a stiff competition since the beginning of this decade (Jordan, Zidda Lockshin, 2007). Analysis of Competitive Strategies Competition also exists between different wine producers in France. In the year 2010, private labeled wines continued to lead in sales. The privately labeled wines had a market share of 28 percent. In terms of sales in the chain stores like the hypermarkets and supermarkets, the brand accounted for almost 80 percent of sales in the same year. A similar trend was also seen in the year 2011. The high sales of the private labels are attributed to the value which customers attach to the private labeled products (Jordan, Zidda Lockshin, 2007). The wines that target niche c onsumers such as the young people, women and consumers who are more conscious with their health are the driving forces of innovation in the wine sector. Light wine versions are expected to feature considerably in the market. The production and supply of organic wines is also expected to rise. A large number of wine producers in France are turning into producing organic wine because of the changing customer preference. The French government came up with a modernization plan to aid the sector and increase its competitiveness due to competition in the sector. The plan was unveiled in the year 2008. The aim of the plan was to bring down the complex regulations that blocked wine companies from effectively competing with other producers in the international arena. Players in the sector conquered with the content of the plan. The plan was developed in line with the business reforms f the European Union. The plan allowed for the production of grape wine, as well as putting the year on the l abel of the wines. Also, cheaper wine making techniques have been adopted courtesy of the plan. The cheap wine production techniques are used in countries that compete with France in wine production. The categorized wine producers into three groups whish are Vignobles de France also known as wines of France. This label replaced the Vin de table. Wines under this category carry both the year on the label and the variety of grapes uses in making it. The second category is Indication Geographique Protà ©gà ©e also known as Protected Geographical Region. This group replaced the Vin de pays. The last group is the Appellation d’Origine Protà ©gà ©e (Jean-Guillaume, 2009). The plan had the objective of attaining originality in production and encouraging massive wine production. This plan has been adopted in the industry. Also, the government of France has had pressures to amend the law which bared the online marketing of wines. Online wine marketing is now legal, and many busine ss analysts argue that this is the likely trend as we move into embracing information technology in easing commerce (Jean-Guillaume, 2009). Some critiques have argued that the French wine industry is suffering from inadequate entrepreneurship. This problem has given room for external competition, which threatens the sector. From quite a long time, the young winemakers in France were not encouraged to invest in the industry. There has been little aggressiveness among the French businessmen. Many businessmen avoid taking risks and have shunned from investing in the wine industry. This is contrary to what has been happening in the wine industry of other countries for instance Australia, which is now amongst the biggest competitors of France. Australia has been supporting investment and innovation which has resulted in massive investments in the industry by young investors. The French wine industry has worked on a conservative perspective which explains why it has been caught up by the emerging competitors in the wine industry (Jean-Guillaume, 2009). If at all more players will continue to come into the global wine industry and the French government fails to revive the local wine market, the competition may grow stiffer causing negative effect on the whole wine industry in the country. Conclusion Form the discussion; it is can be concluded that the wine sector in France has been under some economic pressures. These pressures have mostly resulted from an accelerating trend of competition in the international wide industry. It is important to highlight the problems or crises that the sector is facing. This will be critical in giving a clear understanding of how adopting business strategies have been critical in saving the sector from collapse. From the consumer pint of view, the producers are not producing cheap wine that will be affordable for them. Many factors lie behind this problem. The government has put up tough rules to govern the production of wine. These r ules have not been favoring the production of quality cheap wine. The French government has been in the limelight for failing to embrace the forces in the wine market. Nonetheless, the government has woken up to the challenge and has been nurturing plans that are helping to bail the industry. However, some of the measures have not solved the compelling issues in the industry. Wine diversity has been reserved through the categorization that was part of the government plan to modernize the wine sector. Nonetheless, quality improvement has not been done living the problem of reduction of local wine consumption unresolved. Furthermore, the least focus on quality may work against the French wine brands in the international market. The three strategies borrowed by the wine firms in France have been very beneficial. Through the exporting strategy, small firms in other countries. Such companies have attained financial growth and expansion. When a firm opens up into the foreign market, the o perations of the company will expand thereby leading to the growth of the sector under which the company lies. When the French wine enters the entire market world including the Asian market as it the trend that is being observed, growth and development will be imminent for both the individual companies and the industry at large. Export growth means the growth in demand for the products. The industry is thus active in terms of continuous and increased production to meet the demand in the growing external market. Product differentiation that has been going on has resulted in the production of different wine varieties. In addition to the new technologies aimed at improving the quality of these brands, the wine companies are recording increased sales both in the local and international market. The three categories of wines that were reached under the modernization plan are part of the differentiation strategy. Companies have become more diversified and produce different types of wines o f different standards widening their market. Differentiation has made the wine industry breach its culture of mostly producing expensive wine for the purpose of export. Companies are borrowing examples from the upcoming countries like Australia. These upcoming countries do not concentrate on producing expensive wine; they produce fairly cheap wine which is easily marketed as it is favored by its prices. Also, technology does not only feature in the production of wine. The companies have pressured the French government which has been forced to amend the laws and allow for online marketing of wine products. Internet marketing helps companies in reaching a wide network of consumers or customers. Internet marketing, which is a component of e-commerce, is easing the marketing of wine and subsequent expansion of the wine market. The French wine sector needs to keep improving on these strategies as the competition in the wine market is stiffening with more players coming in the industry. O ne thing that has not been emphasized by the industry is the restoration of the local market. There was a drastic fall in the quantity of local customers. Drop in local consumption of wine was significantly severe in during the financial crisis of 2008 to 2010. The local market has remained low from then. This paper has given an insight into the wine industry. Through the paper, I have known the real economic forces and trends in the wine industry. I had only known France as the leading and dominant in the world wine industry. However, from doing this paper, I have gotten to know that the wine industry is a competitive industry just like other industries in the world. Also, i have learnt that, at one point, France was overtaken by Italy in average wine production. Competition in business necessitates actions which have been taken by way of adopting business strategies. Some of the strategies are working well while others will have to be improved. The paper has also helped me to know the importance of different strategies and how they can benefit different stakeholders in business. Business is in itself a process. There are different cycles in business. The business can perform well at some times due to favorable conditions. However, businesses will encounter challenges which will require strategies that will help to make the business to stand the challenges. This is where business strategies become significantly important. Business strategies are mostly developed at the beginning of programs and are adjusted according to the challenges that come in the process of doing business. Business strategies give companies gives companies the framework of handling an issue or implementing a business program. The strategy establishes various steps and how these steps and actions will be coordinated so that the business goals are attained. Business strategies emphasize on the opportunities present in the external and internal business environment. Also, the threats that f ace the business from either within the company or from outside the company are highlighted in the strategies. The business environment is not static. It keeps changing with the changes in business forces. As the external environment in business shifts due to changes in either the competitors or customers and or sociopolitical and technological changes, the business goes back to the board to draft a set of action that will help it adapt to the changes as these changes causes a changes in the way a business or company functions. The threats have to be eliminated, and a good environment cultivated. This is the chief aim of business strategies. References Anderson, K. (2004). The worlds wine markets: Globalization at work. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Pub. Dougherty, P. H. (2011). Viticulture: The Geography of Wine. Berlin: Springer Verlag. Jean-Guillaume, D. (2009). An Institutional Approach to French Wine Strategies: the Cahors Case: 4th Bacchus Interdisciplinary and International W ine Conference Dijon, 8-9-10 July 2009. Web. Jenster, P.V. (2008). The business of wine: A global perspective. Copenhagen: Copenhagen Business School Press. Jordan, R., Zidda, P. Lockshin, L. (2007). Behind the Australian wine industrys success: does environment matter? International Journal of Wine Business Research, Vol. 19 Iss: 1, pp.14 – 32. Moulton, K.S. Lapsley, J.T. (2001). Successful wine marketing. Gaithersburg, Md: Aspen Publishers. Wherry, F.F. (2011). Culture of markets. S.l.: Polity Press. Zanni, L. (2004). Leading firms and wine clusters: Understanding the evolution of the Tuscan wine business through an international comparative analysis. Milano: F. Angeli.

How Fluoride Works to Prevent Tooth Decay

How Fluoride Works to Prevent Tooth Decay Fluoride is the fluorine ion added to toothpaste and dental rinses to help protect your teeth from cavities. While increasing the concentration of systemic fluoride (e.g., through fluoridating drinking water) has not been proven to reduce the incidence of tooth decay, direct contact between fluoride and teeth strengthens and helps remineralize damaged enamel. The Chemistry Behind Dental Health The calcium and phosphate compound which makes up tooth enamel is a modified form of hydroxyapatite, which is susceptible to attack by acids. Bacteria that thrive on the sugars found in the mouth multiply on dental surfaces and produce acids. Mechanical brushing of teeth dislodges these bacteria and rinses them away, but doesnt do anything to address the ongoing damage to enamel from acid exposure. Fortunately, saliva neutralizes these acids and teeth use compounds found in saliva to remineralize the enamel. So, as long as the rate of demineralization and the rate of remineralization remain in balance, teeth remain strong and healthy. When more minerals are lost from teeth than are replaced, dental caries or cavities form. Fluoride helps by interacting with hydroxyapatite to form a stronger compound that is less susceptible to acid attack. Also, fluoride remineralizes damaged enamel (though it cant fix a cavity once one has formed). There is some evidence fluoride may inhibit the growth of bacteria on teeth or limit their capacity for producing acid. Even though you spit out toothpaste and probably rinse your mouth, enough fluoride remains on your teeth and in your saliva to confer protection for a while after brushing your teeth or using a fluoridated rinse.

Sct2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Sct2 - Essay Example It will be done through conducting case studies involving qualitative structured interviews, content analysis of documents, and research from secondary sources. Knowledge-intensive organisations are heavily involved with and dependent on knowledge. Starbuck (1992) defined them as having a greater importance for knowledge than other inputs and outputs. In the knowledge-based world we now live in, knowledge is a very important resource (Rooney et al, 2005). Moreover, knowledge-intensive organisations are playing a central role; and are responsible for the radical transformations taking place (Schienstock, 2004) in our knowledge society. This knowledge function of management has therefore completely changed the former bureaucratic concept characterised by managing a standardised organisational structure, planning methods, work processes, and so on (Mintzberg, 1983). Knowledge management policies refer to those methods employed that â€Å"support the creation, transfer, storage, retrieval and application of knowledge, and they can include technical as well as human components† (Jemielniak & Kociatkiewicz, 2009:174). This may be in a comprehensive manner or as special localised tools. For the former, implementation support systems may be established that aim to make knowledge management easier. Such systems would deal with not only establishing appropriate structures, and technical systems in place, but also providing effective leadership and organisational culture. Generally, innovation is facilitated by highly flexible structures â€Å"because they push people to interact and encourage creativity† (Jemielniak & Kociatkiewicz, 2009:174), and technical systems are based on information and communication technologies. Establishing the right culture would be necessary because it can then allow continuous advantages to be gained. The figure below shows a visualisation of the components of a knowledge management system